Version 0.03
My starting place was Gunkies Wiki. It's good. I wanted to change some things, add more explanations, and throw in networking:
This should work on a variety of Linux distributions. I tried it on CentOS 6 and Debian 8 and 9. I've done it on Raspberry pi's as well, but that gets you more the original late vax experience. A modern amd64 is much nicer and peppier.
Verify ethernet support is available through a tap:mkdir -p ~/emulators/src ~/emulators/bin ~/emulators/4.3BSD cd ~/emulators/src wget -q http://simh.trailing-edge.com/sources/simhv39-0.zip unzip simhv39-0.zip make vax cp BIN/vax ~/emulators/bin/ cp VAX/ka655x.bin ~/emulators/4.3BSD/
$ ~/emulators/bin/vax
MicroVAX 3900 simulator V4.0-0 Beta git commit id: 35bfe17f
sim> show xq eth
ETH devices:
eth0 tap:tapN (Integrated Tun/Tap support)
eth1 nat:{optional-nat-parameters} (Integrated NAT (SLiRP) support)
eth2 udp:sourceport:remotehost:remoteport (Integrated UDP bridge support)
libpcap version 1.4.0
sim>
Grab the 4.3BSD-Quasijarus0c.tap.bz2 from
Sourceforge.
Some DEC disk drives that work according to the documentation:cd ~/emulators/4.3BSD bzip2 -d 4.3BSD-Quasijarus0c.tap.bz2
| RA80 | 121MB |
| RA81 | 463MB |
| RA82 | 622MB |
| RA90 | 1.2GB |
| RA92 | 1.5GB |
Let's "thin-provision" a couple RA82s:
Now let's create the configuration file. I'm just going to add the second disk, which will go in /home. It's handy to have a nice partition for loading extra source (like ksh93. The bourne shell and csh just don't cut it). I'm setting up two NICs. (requiring a kernel recompile)truncate -s 622M rq0-ra82.dsk truncate -s 622M rq1-ra82.dsk
The OUI 08002b is actually from original DEQNA cards. You can use that or any other unicast. The physical address can be something random, but I like to embed some info in there for my reference. The second octet I use for the network, and the third for the VM on that network in order of installs.
And add simple start script:cat > boot.conf << EOF load -r ka655x.bin ; CPU config set CPU 64M set CPU conhalt set CPU idle=all ; NVRAM attach NVR nvram.bin ; Disk drives set RQ0 ra82 attach RQ0 rq0-ra82.dsk set RQ1 ra82 attach RQ1 rq1-ra82.dsk set RQ2 dis set RQ3 dis ; printer attach LPT printer-output.txt ; Tape set TQ tk50 attach tq0 4.3BSD-Quasijarus0c.tap set TQ1 dis set TQ2 dis set TQ3 dis ; Disable unused peripherals set CR dis set RL dis set TS dis ; Network config : XQ: set XQ enable set XQ type=deqna set XQ MAC=08-00-2b-00-00-01 attach XQ tap:tap10 set XQB enable set XQB type=deqna set XQB MAC=08-00-2b-00-01-01 attach XQB tap:tap11 ; configure console to 7-bit only set TTO 7b set TTI 7b ; behavior on break dep bdr 1 boot CPU EOF
Let's boot it. This particular section will copy a miniroot partition onto slice a of the ra82 disk, and then boot it up. Here are the commands:cat > start.sh << EOF ~/emulators/bin/vax boot.conf EOF chmod +x start.sh
And in context: I'll give the above in context, here:boot mua0 copy tms(0,1) ra(0,1) boot ra(0,1)vmunix ra0* disklabel -rw ra0 ra82 bsd-disk1 /usr/mdec/rdboot /usr/mdec/bootra disk=ra0 type=ra82 tape=tms xtr
$ ./start.sh
MicroVAX 3900 simulator V4.0-0 Beta git commit id: 35bfe17f
install.conf-9> attach NVR nvram.bin
NVR: buffering file in memory
KA655-B V5.3, VMB 2.7
Performing normal system tests.
40..39..38..37..36..35..34..33..32..31..30..29..28..27..26..25..
24..23..22..21..20..19..18..17..16..15..14..13..12..11..10..09..
08..07..06..05..04..03..
Tests completed.
>>>boot mua0
(BOOT/R5:0 MUA0
2..
-MUA0
1..0..
=copy
cpu: uVAX 3000
From: tms(0,1)
To: ra(0,1)
ra0: unlabeled
Copy completed: 308 records copied
=boot
cpu: uVAX 3000
Boot
: ra(0,1)vmunix
ra0: unlabeled
326312+104440+130352 start 0x23b8
4.3 BSD Quasijarus UNIX #3: Sat Feb 14 20:31:03 PST 2004
root@luthien.Harhan.ORG:/nbsd/usr/src/sys/GENERIC
real mem = 67076096
SYSPTSIZE limits number of buffers to 18
avail mem = 65240064
using 18 buffers containing 147456 bytes of memory
MicroVAX 3000, ucode rev 6
tmscp0 at uba0 csr 174500 vec 774, ipl 15
tms0 at tmscp0 slave 0
uda0 at uba0 csr 172150 vec 770, ipl 15
uda0: version 3 model 3
uda0: DMA burst size set to 4
ra0 at uda0 slave 0: no disk label: no partition table for DU RA 82, size 1273856;
using (s,t,c)=(57,15,1490)
ra1 at uda0 slave 1: no disk label: no partition table for DU RA 82, size 1273856;
using (s,t,c)=(57,15,1490)
dz0 at uba0 csr 160100 vec 300, ipl 17
dz1 at uba0 csr 160110 vec 310, ipl 17
dz2 at uba0 csr 160120 vec 320, ipl 17
dz3 at uba0 csr 160130 vec 330, ipl 17
root device? ra0*
WARNING: clock lost 114 days -- CHECK AND RESET THE DATE!
#
Much faster than the old days.Now, we'll label the disk (disklabel is the partitioner, using data in /etc/disktab) and run xtr (a shell script in / that extracts the miniroot from tape and runs fsck on the filesystem).
# disklabel -rw ra0 ra82 bsd-disk1 /usr/mdec/rdboot /usr/mdec/bootra
# disk=ra0 type=ra82 tape=tms xtr
Build root file system
Warning: 361 sector(s) in last cylinder unallocated
/dev/rra0a: 15884 sectors in 19 cylinders of 15 tracks, 57 sectors
8.1MB in 2 cyl groups (16 c/g, 7.00MB/g, 3200 i/g)
super-block backups (for fsck -b #) at:
32, 13776,
Check the file system
** /dev/rra0a
** Last Mounted on
** Phase 1 - Check Blocks and Sizes
** Phase 2 - Check Pathnames
** Phase 3 - Check Connectivity
** Phase 4 - Check Reference Counts
** Phase 5 - Check Cyl groups
1 files, 1 used, 7092 free (20 frags, 884 blocks, 0.3% fragmentation)
Rewind tape
Restore the dump image of the root
** /dev/rra0a
** Last Mounted on /a
** Phase 1 - Check Blocks and Sizes
** Phase 2 - Check Pathnames
** Phase 3 - Check Connectivity
** Phase 4 - Check Reference Counts
** Phase 5 - Check Cyl groups
426 files, 5195 used, 1898 free (18 frags, 235 blocks, 0.3% fragmentation)
Root filesystem extracted
If this is an 8650 or 8600, update the console rl02
If this is a 780 or 785, update the floppy
If this is a 730, update the cassette
#
We need to reboot, to get a more full set of utilities.
Now sync it (just to make sure) and "power it off" by hitting ctrl-E and typing "exit".
Ok, let's go ahead and configure the bridge and taps. See RedHat documentation for making them permanent in /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts. The numbers are arbitrary--I've got other things I don't want it to interfere with. Do this as root: I'm leaving spanning tree off, because I'm not connecting these to any physical switches, and they're separated internally at layer 3. You can enable it later if you connect this to a physical nic that's on another switch, or if you do something complicated with switches.# sync;sync;sync Simulation stopped, PC: 800029AF (BNEQ 800029C6) sim> exit Goodbye NVR: writing buffer to file
Let's get the rest of the OS setup. We'll remove the nvram so we can switch the boot device at startup. What we'll type in is as follows:brctl addbr br10 ifconfig br10 192.168.100.1/24 ifconfig br10 up brctl addbr br11 ifconfig br11 192.168.101.1/24 ifconfig br11 up tunctl -t tap10 -u agarvin tunctl -t tap11 -u agarvin brctl addif br10 tap10 brctl addif br11 tap11 ifconfig tap10 up ifconfig tap11 up
rm -f nvram.bin
./start.sh
VAX simulator V3.9-0
NVR: buffering file in memory
LPT: creating new file
TQ: creating new file
libpcap version 1.4.0
Eth: opened OS device tap10
Eth: opened OS device tap11
Performing normal system tests.
40..39..38..37..36..35..34..33..32..31..30..29..28..27..26..25..
24..23..22..21..20..19..18..17..16..15..14..13..12..11..10..09..
08..07..06..05..04..03..
Tests completed.
Loading system software.
No default boot device has been specified.
Available devices.
-DUA0 (RA82)
-DUA1 (RA82)
-MUA0 (TK50)
-XQA0 (08-00-2B-00-00-01)
-XQB0 (08-00-2B-00-01-01)
Device? [XQA0]: dua0
(BOOT/R5:0 DUA0
2..
-DUA0
1..0..
loading boot
Boot
: /vmunix
326312+104440+130352 start 0x23b8
4.3 BSD Quasijarus UNIX #3: Sat Feb 14 20:31:03 PST 2004
root@luthien.Harhan.ORG:/nbsd/usr/src/sys/GENERIC
real mem = 67076096
SYSPTSIZE limits number of buffers to 18
avail mem = 65240064
using 18 buffers containing 147456 bytes of memory
MicroVAX 3000, ucode rev 6
tmscp0 at uba0 csr 174500 vec 774, ipl 15
tms0 at tmscp0 slave 0
uda0 at uba0 csr 172150 vec 770, ipl 15
uda0: version 3 model 3
uda0: DMA burst size set to 4
ra0 at uda0 slave 0: ra82, size = 1216665 sectors
ra1 at uda0 slave 1: no disk label: ra82, size = 1216665 sectors
dz0 at uba0 csr 160100 vec 300, ipl 17
dz1 at uba0 csr 160110 vec 310, ipl 17
dz2 at uba0 csr 160120 vec 320, ipl 17
dz3 at uba0 csr 160130 vec 330, ipl 17
lp0 at uba0 csr 177514 vec 200, ipl 17
qe0 at uba0 csr 174440 vec 764, ipl 14
qe0: deqna, hardware address 08:00:2b:00:00:01
Changing root device to ra0a
Automatic reboot in progress...
Thu Oct 23 15:14:20 PDT 2003
Can't open checklist file: /etc/fstab
Automatic reboot failed... help!
erase ^?, kill ^U, intr ^C
#
I'll just give the commands here. I recommend pasting them one (or typing them) at a time instead of as a block. The console doesn't seem to accept pastes very well on my system (once you get telnet or rsh up, it's better)
VERY fast compared to those ancient DLTs or QICs of the era.newfs ra0g ra82 newfs ra0h ra82 cd /etc cat > fstab << EOF /dev/ra0a:/:rw:1:1 /dev/ra0g:/usr:rw:1:2 /dev/ra0h:/usr/local:rw:1:3 /dev/ra1c:/home:rw:1:4 EOF mount /usr cd /dev ./MAKEDEV tmscp0 cd /usr mt rew mt fsf 3 tar xvpb 20 mkdir src cd src mkdir sys cd sys mt rew mt fsf 4 tar xvpb 20 cd .. mt rew mt fsf 5 tar xvpb 20
We can add the second disk now. Slice c is the entire disk, which you may remember from Solaris (still the case? I haven't installed Solaris since 8). The dz0 makedev will create tty devices, so you don't get annoying messages on the console, and pty0 will get you pseudo ttys for telneting or rsh'ing in.
Here's what df should look like:cd /dev ./MAKEDEV ra1 dz0 pty0 disklabel -rw ra1 ra82 bsd-disk2 newfs ra1c ra82 mkdir /home mount /home
That's it! This is a pristine system install, and where I want to make a backup. Shut it down:# df Filesystem kbytes used avail capacity Mounted on /dev/ra0a 7093 5199 1184 81% / /dev/ra0g 394851 71681 283684 20% /usr /dev/ra0h 136504 1 122852 0% /dev/ra1c 571290 1 514160 0% /home
# shutdown -h now
Shutdown at 15:41 (in 0 minutes) [pid 94]
#
System shutdown time has arrived
syncing disks... done
?06 HLT INST
PC = 8002F4C2
>>>
Simulation stopped, PC: 20043601 (BSBW 2004367B)
sim> exit
Goodbye
NVR: writing buffer to file
Eth: closed tap10
Eth: closed tap11
Here's a good small backup:
Boot it back up again with ./start.sh, and we can configure things.[4.3BSD]$ cd .. [emulators]$ mkdir 4.3-pristine-install [emulators]$ rsync -av --sparse 4.3BSD/ 4.3-pristine-install sending incremental file list ./ 4.3BSD-Quasijarus0c.tap boot.conf ka655x.bin nvram.bin printer-output.txt rq0-ra82.dsk rq1-ra82.dsk start.sh sent 1389182977 bytes received 205 bytes 185224424.27 bytes/sec total size is 1389012727 speedup is 1.00
I like to use the editor 'ex', which is like a line-buffered vi with no full-screen edit mode. It's better than ed. Use 'a' to add a line after your current line, 'i' to insert before, '.' on a new line to exit insert mode, and otherwise, everything is pretty much like the : mode in vi. To make ex your preferred editor, add this to your .profile:
The vi editor just doesn't work well at the console or with non-standard window sizes.EDITOR=/usr/ucb/ex export EDITOR
Let's clean some stuff up:
Get rid of this annoying line in the crontab /usr/lib/crontab:
It prints the date to the console every 10 minutes, as a primitive screen saver.1,11,21,31,41,51 * * * * root (echo -n ' '; date; echo -n ^M) >/dev/console
Edit /etc/hosts, /etc/networks and /etc/netstart. Mine are below:
# cat /etc/hosts 127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.my.domain 192.168.100.10 bsd1 bsd1.nitfol.local 192.168.101.10 bsd1-in bsd1-in.nitfol.local
# grep my- /etc/networks my-net 192.168.100 my-net-in 192.168.101 my-netmask 255.255.255
We won't get the qe1 interface until we recompile the kernel. Let's do that now. cd to /sys/conf, and add this line in GENERIC:# cat /etc/netstart #!/bin/sh - # # @(#)netstart 1.1 (Berkeley) 1/10/99 routedflags=-q rwhod=YES hostname=bsd1.nitfol.local hostname $hostname ifconfig qe0 inet $hostname netmask my-netmask ifconfig qe1 inet bsd1-in netmask my-netmask ifconfig lo0 inet localhost route add $hostname localhost 0 hostid $hostname
Make sure it's placed below qe0, or the default network setup will be screwy.device qe1 at uba? csr 0174460 vector qeintr
Then run:
Change into /usr/src/sys/GENERIC# config GENERIC Don't forget to run "make depend"
Now reboot with 'shutdown -h now'. When you reboot, try:make clean make depend make cp /vmunix /vmunix.orig cp vmunix /vmunix
"Interesting" thing is 4.2BSD automatically starts routed. This caused many fun problems on campuses when someone brought up a new install and screwed up the whole routing table, especially if they played with metrics. In 4.3 they changed it to have a -q flag, so it wouldn't broadcast info. If you install multiple boxes with routed, you'll want to start it with -s so it'll broadcast out its route info.# netstat -i Name Mtu Network Address Ipkts Ierrs Opkts Oerrs Coll qe0 1500 my-net bsd1 1 0 3 0 0 qe1 1500 my-net-in bsd1-in 1 0 1 0 0 lo0 1536 loopback-ne localhost 137 0 137 0 0
One note on Debian: rsh and rcp are symlinks to ssh and scp, annoyingly. There's a lot of things like that in Debian that annoy me. You can install rsh-client which gets you binaries named netkit-rsh and netkit-rcp that are handy. There's also good old telnet. Setting your term to vt320 works reasonably well.
Things to do now, in rough order of difficulty and/or fun: